<p>Choristi  is a town in Drama municipality, Drama regional unit, East Macedonia and Thrace region, Greece. The town is located about 8 km southeast of Drama and has a population of 2,725 . The elevation is approximately 98 m.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The town was known as Τσατάλτζα - Tsataltza, until renamed in 1927. During World War I from 1916 to 1918 the town was occupied by Bulgarian troops and the local men were shipped out to concentration camps in Bulgaria. Conditions there were very poor and less than a third of them survived.</p><br>
<p>During World War II, the occupying Axis powers executed a number of people in Choristi as "terrorists" or "resistance fighters" or their sympathizers, this came to be known as the "Choristi Massacre".</p><br>
<p>Ven House in Milborne Port, Somerset, England is an English manor house that has been designated as a Grade I listed building.</p><br>
<p>Construction of the smaller William and Mary style house, was completed in 1698–1700; the house was enlarged around 1725–30 for James Medlycott by Nathaniel Ireson, who retained the west front of the earlier house. It stands on an artificially raised terrace, and is surrounded by grounds that were laid out at the time by Richard Grange. It was altered and extended by Thomas Cubitt and Decimus Burton in 1835-36.</p><br>
<p>The house passed through the Medlycot family through the 18th and 19th centuries, until they sold much of the estate between 1918 and 1925. The house itself was let to a succession of tenants until Sir Hubert Mervyn Medlycot sold it in 1957. The house has changed hands four times since 1993, and, in 2006, had a guide price of £8.5m. In 2009 the house was and is still owned by Jasper Conran.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The house, which has a rectangular plan of 7 bays by 5 bays, is built of red brick in Flemish bond, with local Ham stone dressings. The north and south fronts are divided by two giant Corinthian pilasters, placed to suggest a central block of three bays. The roof is hipped with Welsh slate behind balustraded parapets. Attached to the house and in matching style were north west and north east pavilions. Along the south side of the house is a terrace balustraded to match the house.</p><br>
<p>When the house was first built the main entrance gateway was some 400 m to the north of the house and linked East Street and The Old Road (Dorset), In the 19th century this was superseded by London Road, which split much of the parkland from the house, and the Ham stone gate piers and wrought iron gate were relocated to their current position 35 m north west of the house.</p><br>
<p>The 1836 building work by Decimus Burton, which provided a new drawing-room for Sir W. Medleycott included the construction of the corridor linking Ven House and the Orangery, and the Orangery itself. Also constructed around 1836 were the Stabling and several other outbuildings, which are attached to east side of the house.</p><br>
<h2>Gardens and Park</h2><br>
<p>The house originally had around 70 hectare of land including 6 hectare of formal gardens and pleasure grounds, and around 64 hectare of parkland. They were originally laid out by Richard Grange between 1720 and 1739. The house still has almost 14 hectare of gardens and grounds, including a stream which forms part of the River Yeo.</p><br>
<p>To the south east of the house is Walled garden which was a kitchen garden or plant nursery, but is now largely ornamental. It is surrounded by red brick walls approximately 4 m high.</p><br>
<p>The remnants of the early 18th-century formal gardens and formal park landscape have been designated Grade II in the South Somerset Register of Historic Parks and Gardens and Register of Historic Parks and Gardens of special historic interest in England.</p><br>
<p>Cecret Lake  is a small alpine lake in Albion Basin near Alta in the USA state of Utah. This area is also part of the Wasatch National Forest. Cecret Lake is also a protected watershed for Salt Lake City. It is not known why the name was spelled with a C instead of an S. Assumptions are that it was named by a miner working in the area. The United States Geological Survey officially spells the name of this lake as "Cecret Lake".</p><br>
<p>The lake can be accessed in the summer by parking on the main road in Little Cottonwood Canyon and hiking up a dirt trail to the lake. The lake is surrounded by quartz monzonite, commonly mistaken for granite rock. Cecret Lake is also surrounded by the Alta and Snowbird ski resorts.</p><br>
<p>Cecret Lake is considered a watershed area which supplies drinking water for the greater Salt Lake area. This drinking water comes from several hundred inches of snow each year that lasts into July.</p><br>
<p>The Nambung River is a river in the Wheatbelt region of Western Australia, 170 km north of Perth. The river drains an area between the towns of Cervantes and Badgingarra. In its lower reaches the Nambung River forms a chain of waterholes in the Nambung Wetlands where it disappears underground into a limestone karst system 5.5 km from the Indian Ocean.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Nambung River was first encountered by explorer George Grey on 16 April 1839, during his second disastrous expedition along the Western Australian coast. He named it the Smith River after Frederick Smith, a member of his party who died from exhaustion during the final days of the expedition. Smith was the 18-year-old grandson of William Smith, prominent M.P. for Norwich, and was a first cousin to Florence Nightingale.</p><br>
<p>It was renamed the Nambung River by government surveyor John Sherlock Brooking in 1874-75. The Nambung River&#39;s longest tributary was subsequently named Frederick Smith Creek.</p><br>
<p>The river was recorded as the Namban in 1875 by Staff-Commander William Edwin Archdeacon R.N., who was in charge of</p><br>
<p>the Admiralty survey of the coast of Western Australia. It was described as such in the description of the Dongara to Perth stock route in 1889. The spelling Nambung was in general use from at least 1888, the name being derived from an Aboriginal word possibly meaning crooked or winding.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The Nambung River catchment area is bounded by those of the Hill River (to the north) and Mullering Brook (to the east and south). Its main tributaries are Bibby Creek, Mount Jetty Creek and Frederick Smith Creek. The total length of the Nambung River-Frederick Smith Creek system is approximately 22 km. The river terminates at the surface in limestone karst terrain 9 km south-south-east of Cervantes, 5.5 km from the Indian Ocean coast. The river makes a chain of waterholes before it disappears into a cave system. Water eventually seeps out along the coastline.</p><br>
<p>The Pinnacles, within the Nambung National Park, lie within the southern part of the Nambung River catchment. The surrounding area is subject to the Nambung National Park Management Plan. Large areas of Swan Coastal Plain native bush land are well preserved within the lower reaches of the Nambung river system, dominantly comprising low scrub heath (less than 2 m tall).</p><br>
<h2>Geohydrology</h2><br>
<p>The Nambung River flows underground into a karst system bounding the eastern edge of the Nambung Wetlands, within Nambung National Park. Features associated with the wetlands include salt lakes, swamps, lagoons and dunal damplands. Most lagoons and lakelets in the area are isolated from the sea and from surface creek drainage, being fed by rainfall and groundwater flow from surrounding dunes and limestone. There is a complicated hydrology with examples of 1 km long lakes appearing virtually overnight and solution pipes spouting columns of water.</p><br>
<p>When the backplain to the wetlands floods, waters are filtered into a karst aquifer and into the sea via underground channels. As a consequence of the percolation of surface water through the limestone substrate, the catchment boundaries of main drainage lines become undefined over the limestone topography.</p><br>
<h3>Salinity & geology</h3><br>
<p>The Nambung River and Wetland have variable salinity that can be independent of surface activities. Groundwater salinity is highest at discharge boundaries formed by salt lakes, and in the lower catchment area of the river where there is saline groundwater discharge from the Jurassic Eneabba Formation and Cattamarra Coal Measures. The upward discharge of brackish groundwater from Mesozoic aquifers into superficial formations causes the salinity of the groundwater in the superficial formations locally to exceed 8,000 mg/L TDS on the Nambung River flats east of Cervantes.</p><br>
<h3>Karst terrain</h3><br>
<p>The superficial formations and Mesozoic formations discharge large volumes of groundwater to the sea. Much of this discharge flows through karstic solution channels in the Tamala limestone, a calcareous and siliceous formation deposited in the middle to late Pleistocene (1,500,000-10,000 years ago). Many karst features of the Tamala Limestone, the result of karst processes and include subterranean drainage through caverns and tunnels, dolines and sinkholes, residual cone hills and circular depressions, limestone pillars and root concretions, can be linked directly to the Nambung River. Caves have evolved in relation to the movement of weakly acidic water groundwater that gradually dissolves calcium carbonate in the limestone, which can be locally redeposited within caves and cavities.</p><br>
<p>The Chaotian Palace , is located in Nanjing, China. It was built as an imperial palace in the Ming dynasty, and today it is the Nanjing Municipal Museum. Chaotian Palace area has the largest preserved traditional Chinese architectural complex in Jiangnan.</p><br>
<h2>Overview</h2><br>
<p>The palace is a complex of buildings, in the center of which is the Wen Temple, which was built with precious materials, including yellow glazed tile was from Jingdezhen in Jiangxi province. It is a total of 70,000 square meters, consisting of three lines.</p><br>
<p>Within the palace are more than 100,000 cultural relics.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The site of the palace is located on Ye Mountain, once a place for metal casting in the ancient time of State of Wu in Zhou Dynasty, named Ye Cheng, literally the city of metallurgy, the first name of the city of Nanjing. The Imperial Central University, at the time called Zongmingguan, was located there in Former Song dynasty. Chaotian Palace, or called Mingtian Palace, as a Taoist temple was originally named Ziji Palace built on the site of Zongmingguan in the era of Southern Wu, the Kingdom of Wu in the ending of Tang dynasty. It was rebuilt as Chaotian Palace by the Hongwu Emperor during the early Ming dynasty (in late 14th century). In Ming dynasty it was used primarily by members of the royalty for "veneration of ancestors".</p><br>
<p>The complex was burnt down during the Taiping Rebellion in Qing dynasty, and the present buildings were built from 1866 to 1870 when Nanking Academy (Jiangning Fuxue) moved to the site. During ROC the place became Examination Yuan, Capital High Court, Ministry of Education (once named Tahsueh Yuan), as well as Palace Museum Nanjing Branch. In PRC it became Nanjing Municipal Museum.</p><br>
<h2>Transportation</h2><br>
<p>The palace is accessible within walking distance west of Zhangfuyuan Station of Nanjing Metro Line 1. Chaotian Palace is located about 1000 meters southwest to Xinjiekou, the center of Nanjing, and about 800 meters east to Mochou Lake, hedged off by Qinhuai River and linked by Jianye Road Bridge.</p><br>
<p>Bradley hill fort is an Iron Age hill fort. Hill forts were fortified hill-tops, used as settlements or temporary refuges, constructed across Britain during the Iron Age. It is the smallest of the seven hill forts in the county of Cheshire in northern England. It is protected as a Scheduled Ancient Monument.</p><br>
<h2>Background</h2><br>
<p>Hill forts developed in the Late Bronze and Early Iron Age, roughly the start of the first millennium BC. The reason for their emergence in Britain, and their purpose, has been a subject of debate. It has been argued that they could have been military sites constructed in response to invasion from continental Europe, sites built by invaders, or a military reaction to social tensions caused by an increasing population and consequent pressure on agriculture. The dominant view since the 1960s has been that the increasing use of iron led to social changes in Britain. Deposits of iron ore were located in different places to the tin and copper ore necessary to make bronze, and as a result trading patterns shifted and the old elites lost their economic and social status. Power passed into the hands of a new group of people. Archaeologist Barry Cunliffe believes that population increase still played a role and has stated " provided defensive possibilities for the community at those times when the stress burst out into open warfare. But I wouldn&#39;t see them as having been built because there was a state of war. They would be functional as defensive strongholds when there were tensions and undoubtedly some of them were attacked and destroyed, but this was not the only, or even the most significant, factor in their construction".</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>Although there are over 1,300 hill forts in England, they are concentrated in the south of the country, with only seven in Cheshire. There are two groups of hill forts in the county, each with three members (Maiden Castle is on its own in the south); Bradley hill fort is the furthest north of the Cheshire hill forts and is close to Helsby and Woodhouses hill forts, both west of the site. Located at, Bradley lies on the central ridge that runs north–south through the county, as do all of the hill forts in Cheshire.</p><br>
<p>Bradley hill fort is surrounded on most sides by higher ground, so whereas other hill forts on the Cheshire central ridge command views of the Cheshire Plain, Bradleys views are restricted. A tributary of the River Weaver runs east&ndash;west past the north of the site, and the fort was positioned to exploit the streams steep banks for defence.</p><br>
<h2>Layout</h2><br>
<p>Covering about 2 acre, with an enclosed area of about 1.5 acre, Bradley is the smallest hill fort in Cheshire. The site was defended by a single bank and ditch, 75 to 80 ft wide from the back of the bank to the outer edge of the ditch. The entrance was probably in the north-east corner where the artificial defences meet the river bank, similar to the entrance of Oakmere hill fort. The position is uncertain as the area has been damaged by ploughing and the addition of modern drainage ditches, obscuring the original features. The site has not been investigated archaeologically.</p><br>
<p>Wizard Lake is a lake in Alberta located south of Calmar. It is a popular recreation spot due to its proximity to Edmonton.</p><br>
<h2>Amenities</h2><br>
<p>Wizard Lake is home to Jubilee Campground which has 100 stalls (33 power, 67 Natural) in total. The lake has recently been refitted on the east shore for a public swimming location.</p><br>
<h2>Activities</h2><br>
<p>Swimming</p><br>
<p>Fishing</p><br>
<p>Boating</p><br>
<p>Camping</p><br>
<p>Snowmobiling</p><br>
<h2>The Lake</h2><br>
<p>Wizard Lake is a relatively small lake. The bottom is mostly rock and has a shallow depth with the average being only 6.2 m. "The Point" is a nickname for the narrowest and most sandy part of the lake which is a good swimming spot.</p><br>
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<p>Cree Lake is a lake in Saskatchewan, Canada. The lake is the fourth largest in the province and is located west of Reindeer Lake and south of Lake Athabasca. There is no highway access, but the lake is reachable by float plane.</p><br>
<p>Cree Lake (Crystal Lodge) Airport (bush strip) and Cree Lake (Crystal Lodge) Water Aerodrome serve Crystal Lodge, a fly-in fishing lodge.</p><br>
<h2>Cree Lake settlement</h2><br>
<p>A Dene winter hunting camp located on the south west shore of the lake (at coordinates 57&deg;21&prime;15.19&Prime;N latitude, 107&deg;7&prime;41.52&Prime;W longitude) eventually developed into the small settlement of Cree Lake. It may have been the location of a Hudson&#39;s Bay Company trading post from 1891 to 1902. In the 1960s it had an airport, a small log church and numerous houses.</p><br>
<p>In 1971 there were 36 residents (22 were First Nations).</p><br>
<p>Although officially named Cree Lake in 1938 the lake lies in the traditional territory of the Dene and the English River Dene Nation based in Patuanak has reserves at three sites on the lake. One site on the south west side of the lake is 1607.40 hectares (3971 acres) another on Cable Bay is 538.30 hectares (1350 acres) and another on Barkwell Bay at the northern end of Cree Lake is 2344 hectares (5792 acres).</p><br>
<p>Other locations on Cree Lake with populations in the 1970s were the Cree Lake Weather Station in the north east (with 10 people) operated by the Canadian Government, the Cree Lake D.N.S. Radio Station (Department of Northern Saskatchewan) on Turner Island (with 10 people) and a camp at the north end (with 15 people).</p><br>
<h2>Fish species</h2><br>
<p>Fish species include walleye, yellow perch, northern pike, lake trout, lake whitefish, cisco, burbot, Arctic grayling, white sucker and longnose sucker.</p><br>
<h2>Islands</h2><br>
<p>The lake has several named and unnamed islands. Some of the named islands include:</p><br>
<p>Auriat Island</p><br>
<p>Cowie Island</p><br>
<p>Dahl Island</p><br>
<p>Davies Island</p><br>
<p>Dixon Island (Saskatchewan)</p><br>
<p>Fleming Island (Saskatchewan)</p><br>
<p>Ispatinow Island - (containing Cree Lake (Crystal Lodge) Airport and Crystal Lodge) 57&deg;27&prime;43.07&Prime;N latitude, 106&deg;45&prime;7.09&Prime;W longitude</p><br>
<p>Johns Island (Saskatchewan)</p><br>
<p>Keeping Island</p><br>
<p>Laurier Island</p><br>
<p>Pelletier Island</p><br>
<p>Prowse Island</p><br>
<p>Ring Island</p><br>
<p>Rogers Island (Saskatchewan)</p><br>
<p>Turner Island (Saskatchewan) 57&deg;23&prime;22.14&Prime;N latitude, 106&deg;38&prime;19.66&Prime;W longitude</p><br>
<p>Lac la Ronge is a glacial lake in Saskatchewan, Canada. It is the fifth largest lake in the province.</p><br>
<p>It is approximately 250 km north of Prince Albert, on the edge of the Canadian Shield. La Ronge, Air Ronge and the Lac La Ronge First Nation are on the west shore. The lake is a popular vacation spot. Recreational activities include fishing, boating, canoeing, hiking, and camping.</p><br>
<p>Lac la Ronge Dam, (an embankment dam) was constructed on the source of the Rapid River in 1966 to regulate the lake&#39;s water level. The dam is 3.1 metres high and contains four gates. The dam was upgraded in 2007 and a fish ladder was installed.</p><br>
<h2>Access</h2><br>
<p>Lac La Ronge Provincial Park extends around the lake on 3 sides, starting at La Ronge and ending along the east shore. The park contains 4 RV parks, 2 of which are on the west shore of the lake and one is on 2 streets in the town of Missinipe, which is on the southwest shore of Otter Lake. Missinipe is the Woodland Cree name for the Churchill River, which flows through the north side of the park. The fourth one is on the east shore of Nemeiben Lake. There is also a hunting and fishing lodge 26 km north of La Ronge. Nistowiak Falls, on the Rapid River (Churchill River), which is the lake&#39;s primary outflow into the Churchill River and one of the tallest falls in Saskatchewan can be observed by canoe trails on the north side of the park.</p><br>
<p>Highway 2 passes the lake on the west side, ending at La Ronge, where it becomes Highway 102. Stanley Mission can be accessed by Highway 915 on the north side of the park. The community is on the shores of the Churchill River across from the Holy Trinity Anglican Church, Saskatchewan&#39;s oldest building.</p><br>
<h2>Fish Species</h2><br>
<p>The lake&#39;s fish species include: walleye, sauger, yellow perch, northern pike, lake trout, lake whitefish, cisco, white sucker, longnose sucker and burbot.</p><br>
<p>Unlike other lakes in Saskatchewan, in addition to the usual angling licence a special endorsement is required in order to fish on Lac la Ronge. The endorsement itself is free of charge and is available from the office of the Ministry of Environment in La Ronge. Beginning in 2015, the Ministry also requires anglers to keep a "Harvest Ledger," which is given alongside the endorsement. In May 2017 when the 2017-2018 fishing season opened the Saskatchewan Ministry of Environment lifted the endorsement and "Harvest Ledger" based on fish numbers in the lake rising to high numbers again.</p><br>
<p>Peter Pond Lake is a glacial lake in Saskatchewan, Canada. It is located in northwestern Saskatchewan in the Boreal Forest and Canadian Shield within the Churchill River drainage basin. It was on the fur trade route to the Methye Portage which connected eastern Canada to the MacKenzie River area. The lake is a long oval tending to the northwest. A peninsula which almost reaches the west shore divides it into Big Peter Pond  and Little Peter Pond. On the west side of Little Peter Pond a narrow isthmus separates it from Churchill Lake, the two forming a broad "V". The La Loche River, which drains Lac La Loche comes in from the north while the Dillon River, with the village of Dillon at its mouth, comes in from the west. The lake drains into Churchill Lake through the Kisis Channel at Buffalo Narrows, Saskatchewan. Originally called Big and Little Buffalo Lakes, it was renamed after Peter Pond in 1931. It is on Highway 155 which passes through Buffalo Narrows.</p><br>
<h2>Fish Species</h2><br>
<p>The lake&#39;s fish species include: walleye, sauger, yellow perch, northern pike, lake trout, lake whitefish, cisco, white sucker, longnose sucker and burbot.</p><br>
<p>Amisk  Lake is a lake in east-central Saskatchewan  in Canada. Amisk means beaver in Cree. Saskatchewan Highway 167 provides road access. Denare Beach, Saskatchewan, the largest settlement, is located on the east side of the lake.</p><br>
<h2>Forts</h2><br>
<p>Amisk Lake is on the Sturgeon-Weir River, an important part of the canoe route from eastern Canada to the rich Lake Athabasca country. There was an independent trading post on Amisk Lake (Beaver Lake) in 1775 and a Hudson&#39;s Bay Company trading post in 1776.</p><br>
<h3>Frobisher-Henry Fort</h3><br>
<p>In June 1775 Alexander Henry the elder left Montreal with 16 canoes and goods worth £3,000. On Lake Winnipeg he was joined by Peter Pond, Joseph Frobisher and Thomas Frobisher. From the new Hudson&#39;s Bay Company post at Cumberland Lake Henry and the two Frobishers went north up the Sturgeon-Weir hoping to reach Frog Portage where Thomas had traded successfully the previous year. They crossed Amisk Lake on the first of November and the next morning it was frozen over. Since there was good fishing they stopped at the mouth of the West Weir and built a fort. On the first of January Henry set out on foot and spent three months visiting the Indians. Next spring they went north to Frog Portage and were successful in trade. Joseph Frobisher maintained the post of Amisk Lake until it was abandoned in 1778.</p><br>
<h2>Fish Species</h2><br>
<p>The fish species include walleye, yellow perch, northern pike, lake trout, lake whitefish, cisco, white sucker, longnose sucker and burbot. Smallmouth bass are stocked in nearby Konuto Lake.</p><br>
<p>Churchill Lake is a glacial lake in north west Saskatchewan, Canada. Frobisher Lake flows in from the north while Peter Pond Lake flows in from the east through the Kisis Channel. Highway 155 crosses this channel at the village of Buffalo Narrows.</p><br>
<p>It is part of the Churchill River drainage basin. As the source of the Churchill River the length of the river (1,609 km (1,000 mi)) is measured from the north end of the lake to the Hudson Bay. The lake can freeze from as early as November and remain frozen till May.</p><br>
<h2>Historic map</h2><br>
<p>John Franklin&#39;s Coppermine Expedition map of 1819–1822 shows details of the fur trade route from Île-à-la-Crosse to Methye Portage. Churchill Lake is shown as Clear Lake with its northern reaches still unknown.</p><br>
<p>Also not yet surveyed are the waters of Wasekamio Lake, Turnor Lake then Frobisher Lake that flow from the north into Churchill Lake.</p><br>
<p>From the northwest Lac La Loche (Methye Lake) then Peter Pond Lake (Buffalo Lake) flow into Churchill Lake. Clearwater Lake (or Clear Lake) was renamed Churchill Lake in 1944 and Buffalo Lake was renamed Peter Pond Lake in 1932.</p><br>
<h2>Fish Species</h2><br>
<p>The lake&#39;s fish species include: walleye, sauger, yellow perch, northern pike, lake trout, lake whitefish, cisco, white sucker, longnose sucker and burbot.</p><br>
<p>Frobisher Lake is a lake in northern Saskatchewan, Canada, located between Turnor Lake and Churchill Lake. The lake is part of the Churchill River drainage basin. It receives water from Turnor Lake via the short Wanasin River and a channel connects it to Churchill Lake. Pinaskau, Wapiskaw and Waskwei are the largest of many islands on the lake. The freezing period of the lake is from November to May. There are no permanent settlements on Frobisher Lake. The closest community is Turnor Lake, which is accessed by Highway 909. From Turnor Lake a road access was built to Frobisher Lake.</p><br>
<h2>Fish Species</h2><br>
<p>The lake&#39;s fish species include: walleye, sauger, yellow perch, northern pike, lake trout, lake whitefish, cisco, white sucker, longnose sucker and burbot.</p><br>
<p>Tobin Lake is a reservoir of Saskatchewan, Canada. Tobin Lake was formed by the E.B. Campbell Dam on the Saskatchewan River in 1963. The dam was originally named Squaw Rapids Dam, but was then renamed E.B. Campbell Dam in 1988 as local first nations people considered the name squaw racist. It is near to the town of Nipawin and is downstream from Codette Lake, formed by Francois Finlay Dam in 1986. The construction of Francois Finlay Dam earned Nipawin the nickname The Town of Two Lakes.</p><br>
<p>The lake is accessed on the north side by Highway 35, on the east side by Highway 123 and on the southwest side by Highway 255.</p><br>
<h2>Fish species</h2><br>
<p>Tobin Lake is home to several species of fish including walleye, sauger, yellow perch, lake sturgeon, northern pike, goldeye, mooneye, lake whitefish, burbot, white sucker, longnose sucker and shorthead redhorse.</p><br>
<p>Father Mariuz Zajac, from Carrot River caught the world ice fishing record for walleye here in 2005 at 9.8 kg (18.30 lbs). The lake is debatably the top walleye fishing lake in Saskatchewan.</p><br>
<p>Attawapiskat Lake is a lake in Kenora District, Ontario, Canada. The primary inflows are the Otoskwin River, the Marten-Drinking River and the Pineimuta River. The two outflows are the Attawapiskat River and the North Channel, which itself flows into the Attawapiskat River.</p><br>
<p>The First Nations community of Neskantaga (also known as Lansdowne House, Ontario) is located on the west side of the lake.</p><br>
<p>The name of the lake comes from a region through which the Attawapiskat River flows less than 100 km from its mouth, where it has carved out several clusters of high limestone islands, nicknamed by canoeists the "Birthday Cakes". The formations are unique to the region, the Swampy Cree (Omushkegowuk) word for which, chat-a-wa-pis-shkag, gives name to the river and hence the lake.</p><br>
<p>Boshkung Lake, also known by its historic name Lake Boshkung, or affectionately as Big Boshkung, is a lake in the township of Algonquin Highlands, Haliburton County in Central Ontario, Canada. It is located near Buttermilk Falls, has been a common cottage and recreation destination with a rich history that includes logging, children&#39;s camps, camping, and even some farming activities.</p><br>
<h2>Hydrology and Structures</h2><br>
<p>Boshkung is diamond-shaped with the two axes running roughly north-south and east-west. The longer north-south axis is about 5.7 km long and the east-west 3.1 km. The lake has a maximum known depth of 71 metres (233 feet). It is one of several lakes that make up the Gull River Watershed. One of three primary inflows is the Gull River from Beech Lake on the east side of the lake. Other inflows are the Kennisis River over the Buttermilk Falls from Halls Lake at the north, and the Boshkung River over the Buck Slides Dam from Kushog Lake at the west. The primary outflow is the continuation of the Gull River and its extensive watershed system downstream through a narrows to Little Boshkung Lake at the south, whose waters eventually flow into Balsam Lake and via the Trent–Severn Waterway to Lake Ontario. There is one named bay, Echo Bay, on the east side (formerly Loon Echo Bay), south of the inflow of the Beech River. It also has a handful of small islands, two of which have seasonally occupied structures, at Echo Island in Echo Bay, and on one of the Gull Islands close to the lake&#39;s south end. Two Tree Island sits near the west shore. Boshkung experienced a reported 117 year high water event in the spring of 2013 pursuant to the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources historical data. This flooding, including damages, impacted a wide range of lakes and communities in the Gull River and other watershed regions.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The first settler was Isaac Hunter who arrived in 1852. The early industry was logging of old growth white pine; raw logs were processed at water-powered mills on the Trent–Severn Waterway, to which they were floated via the Gull River, and at Buttermilk Falls. The lake was a childrens camp destination for roughly 30 years until the middle of the 1960s, namely that of the Sherwood Forest Camp (1934–64). Since that time, the lake today is a cottage and recreation destination. It also has a history rich in Canadian culture with families who lovingly claim Boshkung as either a home or home away from home. This includes, but is not limited to, Canadian naturalist and painter Robert Bateman, his brother and fellow artist Ross, and their families (Boshkung, Inc.). Boshkung means place of grassy narrows, and has also included spellings of Bushconk, Bushkank, Bosking, Buskank, and Boskung&#39;.</p><br>
<h2>Settlements</h2><br>
<p>The community of Buttermilk Falls is at the north; Boshkung at the west; and Carnarvon in the adjacent township of Minden Hills just to the southeast.</p><br>
<h2>Transportation</h2><br>
<p>Ontario Highway 35 follows the northeast shore of the lake, while Ontario Highway 118 crosses the narrows at the south end.</p><br>
<p>Dog Lake is a lake in northwestern Ontario, Canada which drains south through the Kaministiquia River to Thunder Bay on Lake Superior. It was on the voyageur route to western Canada. Its name comes from a large aboriginal effigy of a dog on a nearby hill. The lake is primarily fed by Dog River and seasonal melting of the snow. It includes Silver Falls Provincial Park and it is a back-up drinking water supply for the City of Thunder Bay. Development of new summer homes  is not permitted. As such, properties on Dog Lake are in high demand when available and the body of water has little boat traffic unlike lakes in Southern Ontario.</p><br>
<p>Dog Lake is a dammed lake with regular rising and falling of water levels due to the hydro-electric dam.</p><br>
<p>It is common to find aboriginal artifacts in and around the lake. Most commonly found are copper arrow heads and at times pottery. The lake can vary in depth and at its deepest point is approximately 400 feet.</p><br>
<p>Esnagi Lake is a large "V"-shaped lake in the Unorganized North part of Algoma District, Ontario, Canada. Part of the Great Lakes Basin, it is about 45 km long and 5.0 km wide and lies at an elevation of 344 m, with the "V" on its side and the apex facing west. The primary inflows are the Magpie River from Mosambik Lake at the north end of the lake, Tripoli Creek on the west side, and other unnamed creeks. The primary outflow is also the Magpie River, which flows downstream from the south end of the lake at the east switch of the siding at Swanson on the Canadian Pacific Railway transcontinental mainline, and eventually into Lake Superior.</p><br>
<p>The lake is home to three fishing lodges, two outpost cottages and two private cottages accessible only by rail or float plane. It has fish species such as walleye, northern pike, perch and whitefish and made Fish&#39;n Canada top ten list of Canadian fishing destinations.</p><br>
<p>Fairbank Lake is a lake in Northern Ontario, Canada, located within the Walden region of Greater Sudbury.</p><br>
<p>Located in the Fairbanks and Trill townships, it lies off Regional Road 4 (Fairbank Lake Road), running north of Ontario Highway 17. It is 55 kilometres west of downtown Sudbury. The lake is 705.1 hectares in size with a shoreline perimeter of 28.2 kilometres and a maximum depth of 43 metres.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>According to the Fairbank Lake Camp Owner&#39;s Association, the lake was originally named Wa-Shai-Ma-Gog (Clear Lake) by the Ojibwa or Anishinaabe nation. They had settled on the south west corner of the lake and traded at a Hudson Bay trading post near Whitefish. The discovery of virgin white pine in 1872 resulted in lumbering activities on the south shore. The lake was officially named Fairbank Lake in 1883 after John Henry Fairbank, who was an MP for Lambton East.</p><br>
<h2>Islands</h2><br>
<p>Fairbank lake contains 8 islands.</p><br>
<p>Chapman Island</p><br>
<p>Fairbank Island</p><br>
<p>Hiram Hixon Island</p><br>
<p>Maplegrove Island</p><br>
<p>Pine Island</p><br>
<p>Swanson Island</p><br>
<p>Traverse Island</p><br>
<p>Wittie Island</p><br>
<p>Four Mile Lake is a lake of Kawartha Lakes, Ontario, Canada. The lake is roughly 3.56 kilometers North-East of Coboconk, Ontario and 2.08 kilometers west of Burnt River. The lake is located in the Kawartha lakes region of south central Ontario, Canada.</p><br>
<h2>Geography and Geology</h2><br>
<p>Four Mile Lake is a relatively shallow warm water lake with a surface area of 786 hectares. The lake is located in the sub watershed of Corben Creek and has a flushing rate of approximately five years. The lake is located on the boundary between two different geological land forms. The northern one-third of the lake is located on the Canadian Shield and is characterized by granite shorelines. The southern two-thirds of the lake is located on the Corden plain and is characterized by sedimentary limestone cliffs along the shoreline.</p><br>
<p>Four Mile Lake is a closed lake system with no navigable access to other lakes. The lake provides a community to approximately 450 cottages and homes.</p><br>
<p>Four Mile Lake is located near a rare biological environment phenomenom known as alvars.</p><br>
<h2>Roads and services</h2><br>
<p>Electricity is serviced to all properties on Four Mile Lake by Hydro One and telephone is serviced by Bell Canada. Numerous cellular telephone services are also available. Both dial-up and wireless high speed internet services are available. Television is available over the air or by satellite.</p><br>
<p>The majority of the lake is accessed by private four season roads which are owned and maintained by the cottage owners. Shopping is available in Coboconk, Fenelon Falls, Kinmount, and Bobcaygeon.</p><br>
<h2>Summer recreation</h2><br>
<p>The lake has rocky shores and is relatively calm throughout most of the summer. A public boat launch is operated throughout limited hours to provide boat access to the lake. Boat traffic is usually moderate, and popular activities include water-skiing, wake-boarding, tubing, and fishing.</p><br>
<p>Numerous species of fish can be found in the lake, including brown bullhead, lake herring, largemouth bass,</p><br>
<p>muskellunge, pumpkinseed, rock bass, smallmouth bass, white sucker, yellow perch, and walleye.</p><br>
<h2>Winter recreation</h2><br>
<p>The lake is usually frozen over from mid December to early April. Winter activities include ice skating, ice fishing, snowmobiling, and tobogganing. The Ontario Federation of Snowmobile Clubs maintains snowmobile trails in the area, which can be accessed from feeder trails at the east side of the lake.</p><br>
<p>Gordon Lake is the name of several lakes in Ontario, Canada. The largest of these is located near Rock Lake, Ontario in Parry Sound District</p><br>
<h2>List of Gordon Lakes in Ontario</h2><br>
<p>Near Route 60 in Haliburton County, Ontario 45&deg;31&prime;34&Prime;N latitude, 78&deg;22&prime;48&Prime;W longitude</p><br>
<p>Southeast of Kincardine, Ontario, in Bruce County, Ontario 44&deg;08&prime;11&Prime;N latitude, 81&deg;26&prime;54&Prime;W longitude</p><br>
<p>Near Rock Lake in Parry Sound District 46&deg;25&prime;14&Prime;N latitude, 83&deg;50&prime;03&Prime;W longitude</p><br>
<p>Near Ontario Route 520 Parry Sound District, Ontario 45&deg;41&prime;55&Prime;N latitude, 79&deg;54&prime;50&Prime;W longitude</p><br>
<p>In Algoma District 45&deg;40&prime;03&Prime;N latitude, 80&deg;20&prime;38&Prime;W longitude</p><br>
<p>In Algoma District 46&deg;37&prime;05&Prime;N latitude, 84&deg;11&prime;54&Prime;W longitude</p><br>
<p>Sudbury 46&deg;29&prime;26&Prime;N latitude, 81&deg;21&prime;10&Prime;W longitude</p><br>
<p>Timiskaming 47&deg;38&prime;55&Prime;N latitude, 81&deg;00&prime;06&Prime;W longitude</p><br>
<p>Sudbury 46&deg;29&prime;45&Prime;N latitude, 81&deg;58&prime;46&Prime;W longitude</p><br>
<p>Kenora 49&deg;53&prime;30&Prime;N latitude, 92&deg;42&prime;37&Prime;W longitude</p><br>
<p>Thunder Bay 50&deg;28&prime;10&Prime;N latitude, 94&deg;55&prime;43&Prime;W longitude</p><br>
<p>Chochrane 48&deg;18&prime;48&Prime;N latitude, 80&deg;41&prime;04&Prime;W longitude</p><br>
<p>Gould Lake is a lake north of the community of Sydenham in the Township of South Frontenac, Frontenac County, in eastern Ontario, Canada. It is on the Canadian Shield, is part of the Great Lakes Basin, and is part of the headwaters of the Millhaven Creek system. In the 19th century and early 20th century, the area around Gould Lake was noted for its mica mines.</p><br>
<p>Gould Lake drains south through Silvers Lake and Little Long Lake, and then into Eel Bay, an extension of Sydenham Lake. Sydenham Lake in turn drains into Millhaven Creek, which flows to Lake Ontario.</p><br>
<p>Much of the southwest end of the lake is situated within Gould Lake Conservation Area, which is under the management of the Cataraqui Region Conservation Authority.</p><br>
<p>The Thomas Brown House in Inwood, West Virginia, was built about 1741 as a log cabin for Thomas Brown, a Quaker farmer. Brown was one of the first to grow fruit in an area where orchardry would become a major agricultural industry. The house is the oldest known dwelling in Berkeley County.</p><br>
<p>Brown had assembled 1,200 acre in the area of Mill Creek, and left the log house and 60 acre to his wife Ruth on his death in 1750. A later resident on the property was Ellis Rees, who lived there from 1790 to 1820. The log house became a tenant house for 100 years, but was renovated beginning in 1983.</p><br>
<p>The house is built of large logs, 16 or 17 inches wide and hewn on two sides. The 1-1/2-story structure measures about 23 ft by 29 ft in the original block, a log west wing about 16 ft by 21 ft, and a frame east wing about 16 ft by 20 ft. The central block has two large stone chimneys. The logs are clad with weatherboards. The central block has two rooms downstairs. The wings are a single room downstairs and upstairs. The front and read elevations feature gun ports cut into the logs, high in the walls.</p><br>
<p>Also on the property are a log meat house, a stone springhouse and a frame privy. The house was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.</p><br>
<p>Hammer Lake is a hammer-shaped lake in Ontario, Canada located between White River and Wawa.</p><br>
<p>Activities at Hammer Lake include canoeing, fishing, blueberry-picking, swimming, and picnicking. Loons, beavers, and chipmunks are common, and moose are occasionally sighted as well. Mosquitoes are abundant.</p><br>
<p>There are many privately owned cabins around the lake which have neither electricity nor running water. Inhabitants typically obtain water from the lake and bring in supplies from the nearby towns.</p><br>
<p>The nearest establishment is the H&C Family Lodge (formerly Hammer Lake Lodge), just across the street from the lake. It sells food and supplies, rents out boats and equipment, and lodges visitors to the area.</p><br>
<p>Kabinakagami Lake is a lake in the Unorganized North Part of Algoma District in northeastern Ontario, Canada. The lake is on the Kabinakagami River and is part of the James Bay drainage basin. It is located northwest of the Chapleau Crown Game Preserve, and about 17 km southwest of the settlement of Oba and 100 km southwest of the town of Hearst.</p><br>
<h2>Hydrology</h2><br>
<p>The primary inflows are the Kabinakagami River at Little Kaby Bay at the southwest, and the Oba River at the east of the lake. There are a number of secondary inflows. Left tributaries, clockwise from the Kabinakagami River inflow to the Kabinakagami River outflow, are Bear Creek at the southwest near Picard&#39;s Point; Stoney Creek at the top of Boot Bay at the west; and Fairy Creek at the west. Right tributaries, clockwise from the Kabinakagami River outflow to the Kabinakagami River inflow, are: Ermine Creek at Little Whitefish Bay at the east; and Noisy Creek and Five Mile Creek at Five Mile Bay at the southeast.</p><br>
<p>Schist Bay is a large bay that forms the northwest corner of the lake. Rocky Point lies between it and the large bay that forms the north end of the lake, where the Kabinakagami River leaves over the Big Rapids. The Kabinakagami River flows via the Kenogami River and Albany River to James Bay.</p><br>
<h2>Portages connecting to other drainage basins</h2><br>
<p>From Five Mile Bay at the southeast corner of the lake, the Five Mile Portage leads south over Five Mile Creek to the north end of Esnagi Lake on the Magpie River, which empties into Lake Superior, thus providing a connection between the James Bay / Hudson Bay and Great Lakes-Saint Lawrence River drainage basins. A second route from the lake to James Bay is via the Oba River. The Pine Portage leads from Pine Portage Bay to Pine Portage Lake on the Oba River, avoiding several rapids between that point and the river mouth at Kabinakagami Lake. From there, one can travel upstream to the Albany Forks, from which the Mattawitchewan River flows downstream as part of the Missinaibi and Moose rivers into the bay.</p><br>
<p>Kamaniskeg Lake is a lake of Ontario, Canada.</p><br>
<p>Lake Kamaniskeg is located in the Madawaska Valley, with the town of Barrys Bay at its northern end, and Combermere at the south. The Madawaska River, famous for its rapids, runs through the lakes southern end. The lake is known for its simple beauty, with a mixture of forest, and rock and sand beaches. The wreck of the steamship Mayflower lies near two small islands in the lake, just south of the narrows.</p><br>
<p>Interesting fact: If you like scuba diving, you may want to visit the wreck of the Mayflower. A paddle-ship which sank in 1912. The wreck site is on the north side of the two islands, about 500 yards from the large island heading towards the section of the lake heading to Barry’s bay. It is usually marked by a white floating jug, and at a depth of about 25 feet to the bottom.</p><br>
<p>Lac des Mille Lacs is a lake in the western part of Thunder Bay District in northwestern Ontario, Canada. It is in the Nelson River drainage basin and is the source of the Seine River. The lake lies between Ontario Highway 17 on the north and Ontario Highway 11 on the south about 100 km west of the city of Thunder Bay.</p><br>
<p>Lac des Mille Lacs has an area of 245.1 km&sup2; and a drainage basin of 1,774.55 km&sup2;. The named inflows are the Savanne River and McKay Creek at Sawmill Bay at the northeast, Joe&#39;s Creek at Baril Bay at the southwest, and Inwood Creek at the north. The only outflow, at the northwest tip of the lake, is the Seine River, which flows to Rainy Lake and eventually via the Nelson River to Hudson Bay. The lake has numerous arms, named bays and named islands.</p><br>
<h2>Roads</h2><br>
<p>As of 2012, the Ontario government&#39;s official road map designates Lac des Mille Lacs Road, the primary access road from Highway 17 to the lake, as part of Highway 802, although the road is discontinuous with the more established southerly segment of Highway 802 between Kashabowie and Burchell Lake.</p><br>
<h2>Lac des Mille Lacs Dam</h2><br>
<p>The outflow to the Seine River is controlled by the Lac des Mille Lacs Dam, owned by the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources (OMNR) and operated by the Valerie Falls Limited Partnership (Brookfield Renewable Power). This dam was replaced in 1926 by a timber dam to regulate water flow used for hydroelectric power production downstream on the Seine River and Rainy River. The current concrete structure was built in 1952 with seven sluices, each with eight logs. With all logs, the maximum sill height is 457 m, and without any the minimum height is 454.6 m.</p><br>
<p>The dam project is one of several in the region which has been cited by the Lac des Mille Lacs First Nation as having displaced them from their traditional territories, including the Lac des Mille Lacs 22A1 reserve on the shore of the lake, due to flooding. The First Nation, which is currently dispersed throughout Northwestern Ontario rather than living on its traditional lands, has a land claim pending negotiation with the federal and provincial governments.</p><br>
<h2>Tributaries</h2><br>
<p>Inwood Creek</p><br>
<p>McKay Creek</p><br>
<p>Savanne River</p><br>
<p>Joe&#39;s Creek</p><br>
<p>Lake Mindemoya is a lake of Ontario, Canada. It is located within Manitoulin Island, which is the world&#39;s largest island in a freshwater lake .</p><br>
<p>Mindemoya Lake is located near the town of Mindemoya on Manitoulin Island,</p><br>
<p>co-ordinates Lat. 45° 45 41" Long. 82° 12 07".</p><br>
<p>The lake is the third largest on Manitoulin Island. It has a perimeter of 33.5 km (20.8 miles), its marl clay base imparting to a deep blue to light green colour. The lake reaches depths of 21 m (69), while the average depth is 7.3 m (24)</p><br>
<p>the surface area is 3,869 ha (9,562 acres).</p><br>
<p>Mindemoya is a moderately fertile lake that favours a warm water fishery</p><br>
<p>brook and rainbow trout can be caught in the Mindemoya River, which exits the lake on the south side and flows into Providence Bay.</p><br>
<p>A concrete public boat launch is located along Ketchankookem Trail on the east side of the lake. The major fish species include smallmouth bass, walleye, yellow perch, whitefish and northern pike.</p><br>
<p>Mindemoya Lake is located within Fisheries Management Zone 10.</p><br>
<p>Mindemoya Lake contains Treasure Island, which is the largest island in the world in a lake on an island in a lake.</p><br>
<p>Lake Nosbonsing  is a lake in the municipalities of Bonfield, Chisholm, and East Ferris in Nipissing District in Northeastern Ontario, Canada. It is near the City of North Bay, is the source of the Kaibuskong River, and is in the Saint Lawrence River drainage basin.</p><br>
<p>The primary inflow, at the south, is Depot Creek. The primary outflow, at the northeast, is the Kaibuskong River, which flows via the Mattawa River and the Ottawa River to the Saint Lawrence River.</p><br>
<p>The middle and west of the lake are in East Ferris; the east of the lake is in Bonfield; and a small portion of the very south centre of the lake is in Chisholm. There are three named communities on the lake: Astorville, at the western tip, and Nosbonsing at the north, both in East Ferris; and Bonfield, at the northeast at the outflow of the Kaibuskong River, in Bonfield. The original Canadian Pacific Railway transcontinental main line runs along the northeast shore from the communities of Bonfield to Nosbonsing. There is one named island, Perron Island, in the west part of the lake; and two named points: Shields Point and McConnell Point, both on the north shore.</p><br>
<p>Opinicon Lake is a lake in South Frontenac, Frontenac County and Rideau Lakes, United Counties of Leeds and Grenville in Eastern Ontario, Canada. This shallow lake was formed when Colonel John By built the Rideau Canal. It also is part of the Great Lakes Basin.</p><br>
<h2>Hydrology</h2><br>
<p>The primary inflow is the Rideau Canal arriving, at the northwest, from Indian Lake over the control structures and lock at Chaffey&#39;s Lock, which gives its name to the tourist and cottage community located there. Secondary inflows are: Loughborough Lake Creek, at the east, which flows into Hart Lake and then into Opinicon Lake; and Rock Lake Creek, at the southeast, arriving from Lower Rock Lake. The primary outflow, at the northeast, is over the control structures and lock at Davis Lock to Sand Lake. The canal eventually flows via the Cataraqui River to Lake Ontario.</p><br>
<h2>Recreation</h2><br>
<p>This lake is a popular fishing spot and location for cottagers., a historical resort, is located at Chaffey&#39;s Locks.</p><br>
<h2>Natural history</h2><br>
<p>The Queen&#39;s University Biological Station, built in 1945, is on the lake. In May 2010, Sugarbush Island was designated a conservation area.</p><br>
<h2>Settlements</h2><br>
<p>Chaffey&#39;s Lock</p><br>
<p>Lake Opinicon</p><br>
<p>Pigeon Lake is a lake in Ontario, Canada. It is one of a group of lakes called the Kawartha lakes, which are the namesake of the city of Kawartha Lakes, and the Trent-Severn Waterway. Pigeon Lake is 27 km long and up to 3 km wide.</p><br>
<h2>Communities</h2><br>
<p>Communities along and near the lakeshore include Bobcaygeon on the North West, and Omemee on the South.</p><br>
<h2>Tri-lake water system</h2><br>
<p>Pigeon Lake is part of a tri-lake water system consisting of Pigeon Lake, Buckhorn Lake, and Chemong Lake. The tri-lake area is host to several popular fishing tournaments throughout the open fishing season.</p><br>
<h2>Nearby Landmarks</h2><br>
<p>The Gamiing Nature Centre operates on the west shore of Pigeon Lake from a 100-acre property with a natural shoreline, surrounded by wetlands, forests and meadows.</p><br>
<h2>Fishing</h2><br>
<p>The most common game fish in the lake are smallmouth bass, largemouth bass, walleye, yellow perch, Carp, Muskellunge as well as a number of Panfish. Commercial and recreational fishing has caused the introduction of Zebra mussels, which change the ecosystem by filtering the water and making it clearer. Some fish, such as Walleye, dislike the clear water and have become less abundant.</p><br>
<p>Redstone Lake is a lake located in geographic Guilford Township in the Municipality of Dysart et al, Haliburton County in Central Ontario, Canada. It is in the Great Lakes Basin and is part of the Gull River system. At its longest, it is approximately 6.5km .</p><br>
<h2>Hydrology</h2><br>
<p>The primary inflow is the Redstone River at arriving via two channels at the northwest from Pelaw Lake and from Little Redstone Lake. A secondary inflow is Harburn Creek at the northeast. There are two primary outflows that are both controlled by dams and that both lead to the Gull River. The East Redstone River at the southeast leads to Eagle Lake further downstream, and the Redstone River at the southwest leads to Green Lake further downstream. The Gull River flows as part of the Trent–Severn Waterway via the Trent River to Lake Ontario. Since the Gull River system flows to the summit of the waterway at Balsam Lake, its tributaries including Redstone Lake serve as an important water flow control reservoir.</p><br>
<h2>Economy</h2><br>
<p>Residents of Bitter, Burdock, Little Redstone, Pelaw and Redstone Lakes are represented by the Redstone Lake Cottagers Association.</p><br>
<p>The West Guilford/Redstone Lake Water Aerodrome is located at the northwest end of the lake.</p><br>
<p>Smoothrock Lake is a lake in the Unorganized Part of Thunder Bay District in Northern Ontario, Canada. It is in the James Bay drainage basin and lies in Wabakimi Provincial Park. The lake has three major inflows: the Caribou River at Caribou Bay at the east; and the Boiling Sand River and the Lookout River, at the south. A secondary inflow is Berry Creek at the southwest. The main outflow is the Berg River from Outlet Bay at the north centre, and leads north to the Ogoki River. A secondary outflow, unnamed and at the northeast, heads from Lonebreast Bay north through a series of lakes to Whitewater Lake, further downstream on the Ogoki River. The Ogoki River flows via the Albany River to James Bay.</p><br>
<h2>Tributaries</h2><br>
<p>Caribou River</p><br>
<p>Boiling Sand River</p><br>
<p>Lookout River</p><br>
<p>Berry Creek</p><br>
<p>Stoco Lake is a lake in the Lake Ontario drainage basin in Tweed, Hastings County, Ontario, Canada.</p><br>
<p>The lake is about 5.4 km long and 2.5 km wide, and lies at an elevation of approximately 138 m. There are two named islands, Butternut Island and Grant Island, and one named bay, Cosy Cove at the northeast. The primary inflow is the Moira River, at the northwest. Secondary inflows are the Clare River at the east and Sulphide Creek at Cosy Cove at the northeast. The primary outflow is the Moira River, which exits via two channels: the eastern channel, designated the Moira River, and the named Western Channel. The two enclose Sugar Island. There are three settlements on the lake: the village of Tweed at the Moira River inflow at the northwest; Cosy Cove, on the bay Cosy Cove and at the Sulphide Creek inflow at the northeast; and Stoco at the Moira River eastern channel outflow. The Moira River flows into the Bay of Quinte on Lake Ontario at Belleville.</p><br>
<p>Upper Rideau Lake is located in the municipality of Rideau Lakes, United Counties of Leeds and Grenville in Eastern Ontario, Canada. It is in the Saint Lawrence River Drainage Basin, and geographically the highest lake on the Rideau Canal System.</p><br>
<h2>Hydrology</h2><br>
<p>Upper Rideau Lake is the summit of the Rideau Canal system, with a surface elevation of 124.65m above sea level. Despite having the highest elevation, Upper Rideau Lake is not the top of the watershed. Water flows north to the Rideau River, there is no flow south to the Cataraqui River.</p><br>
<p>Inflow is from Westport Sand Lake, part of the Rideau Lake Subwatershed.</p><br>
<p>Outflow, through the Narrows Lock, is to the Big Rideau Lake, which eventually flows to the Saint Lawrence River via the Ottawa River.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>The Rideau Lake Fault (an ancient fracture in the Earths crust due to tension) explains the large exposure of granite that can be observed on much of Upper Rideau Lakes northern shore.</p><br>
<p>The northern half of Upper Rideau Lake is located in the Algonquin Highlands. Bedrock in this hilly, Precambrian landscape consists mostly of gneisses and marble and is covered in a very thin layer of mixed glacial sediment. The southern half of Upper Rideau Lake is located between the Algonquin Highlands and the Smiths Falls Limestone Plain. Bedrock here consists of Paleozonic quartzose sandstone, dolostone, and conglomerate covered in a variety of sediment; mixed glacial sediment, sandy glacial till, silt and clay, organic deposits, and sand.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Before the creation of the Rideau Canal (1826-1832), Upper, Big, and Lower Rideau Lakes were one lake. The original plan was to have it remain as one lake by excavating the naturally rocky shallows on the Upper Narrows. When this proved difficult and expensive, Lt. Colonel John By finalized plans to build a dam and a lock (now Narrows Lock), separating and therefore creating Upper Rideau Lake.</p><br>
<p>The creation of Narrows Lock raised the water in this area by approximately 8 feet (2.5m). This flooding created some immediate changes to the land. Drowned shorelines resulted in a number of newly created marshes and many dead standing trees.</p><br>
<h2>Slack Water System</h2><br>
<p>Water levels along the Rideau Canal system are carefully monitored by the Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry and Parks Canada. Water levels are managed for recreational purposes, allowing for adequate draft during the navigation season and for residents with docks, boathouses, and shorefront. In late May water levels are at their maximum, gradually declining throughout the summer, reaching the lowest point in October to the winter operating level. During this cycle the range of water height is approximately 1 meter.</p><br>
<h2>Settlements</h2><br>
<p>The Village of Westport is located at the west end of the lake. The Village of Newboro is located at the South end of the lake, at the junction between the Upper Rideau Lake and Newboro Lake. Both villages offer excellent accommodations, restaurants, shopping, and watercraft docking.</p><br>
<p>Shoreline is largely privately owned by seasonal and permanent residents. Federally owned land includes Foley Mountain Conservation Area and land surrounding the two lock stations.</p><br>
<h2>Recreation</h2><br>
<p>Upper Rideau Lake is widely known for its bass fishing. Other water related activities include boating, paddling, and swimming. On shore there are golf courses, and surrounding trails for hiking, snowshoeing, and cross country skiing. Waterfront accommodations are available at a variety of marinas, campgrounds, and retreats. In 2015, Newboro lockstation recorded 5,355 vessel passages, while Narrows Lockstation reported 6,208.</p><br>
<h3>Foley Mountain Conservation Area</h3><br>
<p>Located on Upper Rideau Lake near Westport, Foley Mountain Conservation Area boasts 9 km of hiking trails, Spy rock scenic lookout, educational programs, discovery center, picnic sites, and natural swimming area.</p><br>
<h3>Rideau Trail</h3><br>
<p>The longest trail in eastern Ontario, stretching from Kingston to Ottawa. This scenic hiking trail follows the Rideau Canal as closely as possible and runs along the North shore of the Upper Rideau Lake.</p><br>
<h2>Regulations</h2><br>
<h3>Fishing Regulations</h3><br>
<p>Upper Rideau Lake is situated within Fisheries Management Zone 18. For information about licenses, open seasons, and catch limits refer to the latest Ontario Fishing Regulations.</p><br>
<h3>Canal Regulations</h3><br>
<p>The Rideau Canal Lock stations operate from mid-May until mid-October each year. Lockage and mooring fees are charged based on vessel length (per foot). For more information concerning operation hours, fees, and more visit</p><br>
<h2>Wildlife</h2><br>
<h3>Fish</h3><br>
<p>Rideau Lakes is renowned for its bass fishing. During the creation of the canal drowned lands saw bass populations thrive as they took advantage of the flooded shoreline habitat.</p><br>
<p>In addition to the abundance of largemouth and smallmouth bass, species of fish in the Upper Rideau Lake include sunfish, bluegill, rock bass, black crappie, yellow perch, northern pike, walleye, and lake trout.</p><br>
<p>Ministry of Natural Resources fisheries specialists have reported that the aquatic habitat is stable for warm water fish, as pH conditions are within range for a healthy environment. Fishery quotas have remained stable, with the exception of the yellow perch quota being increased in 2013.</p><br>
<p>However, it is also cited that summertime warming of the water column and oxygen depletion may be a cause of stress to certain aquatic species.</p><br>
<h3>Birds, reptiles, amphibians & mammals</h3><br>
<p>Upper Rideau Lake inhabits a large diversity of wildlife.</p><br>
<p>Some of the most commonly observed birds include common loon, great blue heron, green heron, osprey, turkey vulture, pileated woodpecker, Canada goose, mallard duck, common merganser, hooded merganser, ring-billed gull, and trumpeter swan.</p><br>
<p>Most commonly observed reptiles and amphibians are map turtle, painted turtle, snapping turtle, northern leopard frog, American bullfrog, garter snake, northern water snake, and black rat snake.</p><br>
<p>Most commonly observed mammals include squirrel, chipmunk, coyote, fox, porcupine, skunk, beaver, otter, muskrat, mink, raccoon, and white-tailed deer.</p><br>
<h3>Endangered Species</h3><br>
<p>Upper Rideau Lake is part of the range of a number of animals listed as species at risk. If you spot any of these species along the Rideau Canal you are urged to record date, time, location, and species information to drop off at any lockstation.</p><br>
<p>Endangered species include the loggerhead shrike and spotted turtle.</p><br>
<p>Threatened species include golden-winged warbler, least bittern, peregrine falcon, chimney swift, red-headed woodpecker, grey fox, Blanding&#39;s turtle, musk turtle, and black rat snake,</p><br>
<p>Special concern species include cerulean warbler, Louisiana waterthrush, short-eared owl, yellow rail, red-shouldered hawk, southern flying squirrel, five-lined skink, map turtle, snapping turtle, milksnake, and ribbon snake.</p><br>
<h2>Water Quality</h2><br>
<p>The Rideau Valley Conservation Authority rated the water quality of Upper Rideau Lake as poor in their 2014 Watershed Report (data collected from 2005-2014). Contributing factors to this ratings include elevated nutrient concentrations, periods of reduced oxygen availability, clear water, and occasionally elevated pH levels.</p><br>
<p>High nutrient concentrations are part of the natural aging process of a lake. In this case, aging may be accelerated due to a high runoff of nutrients from residential shoreline areas, as well as areas of drowned land resulting from the construction of the Rideau Canal. This is concerning as high nutrient concentrations has enabled the excessive growth of aquatic plants and algae blooms.</p><br>
<h3>Westport Sewage Discharge</h3><br>
<p>In April 2014, The Village of Westport dumped 24 million litres of untreated sewage into Upper Rideau Lake following a 2-3 year collapse of their sewage treatment system. With a sewage lagoon ready to burst, millions of liters were shipped away for treatment, while two emergency discharges of over 12 million litres went directly into the lake, fueling blue-green algae growth.</p><br>
<p>Before 1996 the Village of Westport had no treatment plan in place, and would dump untreated sewage twice annually into the lake.</p><br>
<h3>Blue-Green algae issues</h3><br>
<p>Most recently, in August 2014, toxins were confirmed present in blue-green algae blooms. Leeds, Grenville & Lanark District Health Unit issued a public health notice warning not to drink the lake water, or allow pets or livestock to do so. This outbreak can be attributed to the sewage dump, erosion, high spring runoff, and zebra mussel population among other causes. Blue-green algae blooms, although not always toxic, is a repeated issue for residents and visitors of Upper Rideau Lake.</p><br>
<h2>Sustainability</h2><br>
<p>Plans for the management, protection, and sustainability of the Rideau Canal, including Upper Rideau Lake, are:</p><br>
<p>Rideau Canal National Historic Site of Canada Management Plan (2005) http://www.pc.gc.ca/eng/docs/r/on/rideau/pd-mp/index.aspx</p><br>
<p>Rideau Canal World Heritage Site Management Plan (2005)</p><br>
<p>Organizations that serve to ensure long-term wellness of the lake are:</p><br>
<p>Upper Rideau Lake Association (founded 1989). This non-profit organization focuses primarily on water quality and improving the lake environment.</p><br>
<p>Friends of the Rideau (founded 2009). A non-profit organization working to promote enjoyment of the Rideau Canal, and to preserve its natural culture and heritage.</p><br>
<h3>Solar Farm</h3><br>
<p>North Burgess Solar Project, owned by Northland Power, is located North of Upper Rideau Lake on Highway 14. This green energy facility is a 10 MW ground-mounted photovoltaic solar project operating 40,000-50,000 solar panels and 30 DC to AC inverters. It is estimated to power approximately 2,000 Ontario homes.</p><br>
<p>Wabatongushi Lake is a lake in Northern Ontario, Canada, fully within the Chapleau Crown Game Preserve. The lake is highly diversified in its topography. The north end of Wabatongushi is shallow with many low, swampy areas. This is perfect habitat for Northern Pike and hungry moose. The south half of the lake is much deeper, with a maximum depth of 175&#39; located right off Loch Island. This set up is ideal for large game fish such as Walleye and Northern Pike. The shoreline on the south end is much higher, with exposed Pre-Cambrian shield plummeting straight into the tea-stained water. Large schools of bait fish congregate off of these shorelines which attract the game fish. Fishing is excellent in these locations on the south end near Loch Island. Wabatongushi is the top lake in a chain that stretches almost 100 miles, eventually draining into lake Superior. It sits on the crest of the northern watershed. Wabatongushi Lake was a traditional transportation route from Hudson Bay to Lake Superior for both First Nations and Voyageurs. Wabatongushi in the Ojibwa language approximately means "White Sand Lake".</p><br>
<p>The Algoma Central Railway is located at the Northwest end of Wabatongushi Lake at the Flag Stop Wabatong and provides passenger train access for fishing, wildlife and wilderness vacations, and for canoeing, kayaking and other wilderness recreation. Errington&#39;s Wilderness Island is a Fishing and Wilderness Vacation Lodge on an island 1.5 miles from the Algoma Central Railway that has been in operation since the mid-1950s. The Algoma Central Railway Passenger Train operates from Sault Ste Marie with a mid station at Hawk Junction just East of Wawa and has a northern terminus at Hearst. Wabatongushi Lake is about 2/3 of the way north on the route at milepost 206 north from Sault Ste Marie, approximately 42 miles north of Hawk Junction and approximately 90 miles south of Hearst.</p><br>
<p>The Canadian Pacific rail siding of Lochalsh is located at the south end of the lake and provides passenger train access for recreation by a VIA Rail Budd Car operating between Sudbury to White River. The Wabatong Lodge formerly known as The Open Season Sometimes Snowed Inn operates at the Rail stop in Lochalsh. They are known as having the best Coffee in the area. There are also two operating resorts on the south end of the lake. Loch Island Lodge is situated on an island in front of the only outflow of water, 5 miles north of the southernmost portion of the lake. Camp Lochalsh is at the extreme south end 1/2 mile from the old ghost town of Lochalsh on the Canadian Pacific Railway. Mostly undeveloped the lake has only 12 private lots. 7 of which are situated in cabin bay midway between the narrows and Lochalsh. Private fishing resort Portage Point Cabins is located on the point near the center of Cabin Bay. Patterson Island also on the South end of the lake has 2 homes constructed on it. A few private cabins are located in and near the narrows area central to the lake.</p><br>
<p>White Lake is a medium-sized lake of Ontario, Canada. It is located 60 km west of Ottawa, Ontario near Calabogie to the west and Arnprior to the north. It may be accessed via Highway 417 from Ottawa or Renfrew Country Road 511 from Perth. The town of White Lake lies on the northern shore of the lake.</p><br>
<p>The northern and western shores of White Lake mark the upper limit of the Champlain Sea which flooded the Ottawa Valley at the end of the last ice age.</p><br>
<p>The lake dimensions are:</p><br>
<p>length: 10 miles / 16 km</p><br>
<p>area: 5608 acres / 2270 hectares</p><br>
<p>perimeter: 60.8 miles / 98 km</p><br>
<p>The lake is marked in Canada by National Resources Canada with the CGNDB Unique Identifier:.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Before European settlement the lake was known as Wa-ba-lac by the local natives. In the Johnston Royal atlas (dated</p><br>
<p>1860) the lake was shown as Wabak or White Lake. The lake name is believed to be derived from the white marl deposits covering large portions of the lake substrate. White Lake was created in 1845 when a dam on Waba Creek was constructed resulting in the water levels increasing in three previously small, interconnected waterbodies. The original White Lake Dam was built with the purpose of providing water storage for the operation of Stewart&#39;s sawmill at Waba, 4 km downstream. The dam was rebuilt in 1948 and in 1969, was purchased by the MNR and reconstructed again.</p><br>
<p>In the 1970s Summer water levels were stabilized for the benefit of boaters and shoreline property owners. Recently, there has been concern over the presence of Algal Bloom which has become more prevalent as shorelines are developed and local human presence increases.</p><br>
<h2>Ecology</h2><br>
<p>Prior to 1930 White Lake supported a northern pike fishery. With intensive stocking a walleye fishery developed during the period between 1930 and the mid 1960s. Since that time, largemouth Bass and northern pike have been the most sought after game fish with walleye being seen only periodically in the anglers catch. Sunfish are also commonplace in White Lake.</p><br>
<p>The lake is regionally significant for the presence of the White Lake Fen, which is a rare wetland type in Lanark County and considered to be a Provincially Significant Wetland and a Special Place.</p><br>
<p>Wolfe Lake is a lake of Ontario, Canada, located in the eastern part of the province in South Frontenac and Rideau Lakes Townships. The nearest village is Westport.</p><br>
<p>The shoreline surrounding Wolfe Lake is a mix of cottages, farmland and forest, with both gradual sloping shoreline and steeply pitched grades of rocky outcroppings. There are eight islands within the lake: Derbyshire, Grape, Turnip, Woods, Horseshoe, Duck, Bateman, and Whitefish.</p><br>
<p>Some species of fish living in Wolfe Lake include both smallmouth and largemouth bass, walleye, northern pike, perch, rockbass, sunfish, bluegill and whitefish. Wildlife is diverse, including black bear, white-tailed deer, eastern coyotes, fox, minks, common loons and bald eagles.</p><br>
<p>A local group, The Wolfe Lake (Westport) Association works to maintain the natural environment of Wolfe Lake, Green Lake and their shorelines.</p><br>
<p>There are also road associations that maintain the roads.</p><br>
<p>Blacketts Lake is a lake and a community of Cape Breton Regional Municipality, Nova Scotia, Canada, in the Sydney River watershed, of which it forms the headwaters. The lake and river are home to the northernmost known population of Yellow lampmussel.</p><br>
<h2>Characteristics</h2><br>
<p>The water in the upper Sydney River watershed is alkaline. Flow in Blacketts Lake is imperceptible except at a road bridge and causeway on Blacketts Lake Road. During winter, the lake tends to freeze except for areas of fast flow near the bridge and the mouths of brooks.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Blacketts Lake is named after Walter Blackett. Walter&#39;s father, William Blackett, born in London, England, of the Blackett family from North England came to Canada with his wife and two sons John and Walter in 1789, accompanied by a secretary of the British Government to purchase lumber for the ship yards of England.</p><br>
<p>William Blackett is the founder of the nearby mining town of Glace Bay.</p><br>
<p>The Blackett Family has a known connection to over 40 Prime Minters of Great Britain, and 2 Prime Ministers are direct descendants of the Blackett family.</p><br>
<p>Williams son, Walter Blackett, moved from his fathers homestead in Blackett&#39;s Creek, PEI and established a homestead with his wife and nine (9) children on the shores of Blacketts Lake.</p><br>
<p>Kidston Lake is a lake in the Spryfield area of Halifax Regional Municipality, Nova Scotia, Canada. An area along its eastern shore has been made into a municipal park, with artificial sand beaches and a lifeguard in the summer months. It is a popular swimming destination and offers a good swim from the beach to two rock formations called Breadloaf and the Whale&#39;s Back. There are trails all around the lake, and going to Leblin Park and other places such as the Greystone and Green Acres subdivisions. The granite barrens south of the lake are an excellent place to find blueberries, which foxes and porcupines share with the more adventurous of the local children. The most famous portion of the park is the Rocking Stone, a 90+ ton glacial erratic boulder which can still be rocked with a lever, but which used to move quite easily, before a band of sailors from the nearby Halifax garrison rocked it into a more stable configuration in the 1890s, and before its base was worn down by excessive rocking in the 1980s and 90s when the park was first developed. A lesser known but equally interesting large glacially-deposited granite monolith called Table Rock, can be found NW of the narrow passage at the northern end of the lake, where it empties into a boggy area: it is a flat, approximately 30 ton rock firmly balanced upon three rocks, the smallest of which is about the size of a volleyball.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The area has been repeatedly logged, mostly in the 20th century. Until about 1963, a small logging operation with a mill was situated on the lake, and a large pile of sawdust accumulated. The Rocking Stone there used to be a popular picnic destination in Victorian times: people would travel from Halifax, climb upon it and spread their lunches while enjoying the sensation of rocking gently while seated upon the huge rock. The most popular swimming spot in the Spryfield area of HRM, its eastern shore was made into a municipal park and an artificial sandy beach was constructed. A subdivision was built nearby in the same time-frame (is still being added to, as of 2010), between the lake and the nearby subdivision of Thornhill Park, and further developments threaten the western shore of the lake.</p><br>
<h2>Geology, biology and hydrology</h2><br>
<p>Kidston Lake is situated on Devonian granite, which is part of a major igneous intrusion into the local Silurian slate of the "Meguma" group, which has been used to support the theory that the eastern part of Nova Scotia was once joined to NW Africa. The thin acidic soil supports relatively scrubby mixed forests dominated by spruce, fir, red maple and birch, extensive bogs and rocky barrens. The lake itself is fed mostly by underground springs and a small stream coming in at its south end. It drains at its north end, into a stream which runs into Kidston Pond, beside the old Kidston farm and estate. The south end is quite shallow and weedy, while the middle is up to 20 feet deep and provides good swimming. An earthen dam at the north end helps keep water levels up: it was built by loggers in the early part of the 1900s. The lake&#39;s water was polluted by fine sawdust until the 1990s, which reduced the amount of wildlife, but it has since cleared and fish can be found there now, as well as many frogs and invertebrate species. The lake is quite acidic, since its watershed is dominated by bogs and granite. Beavers live on the lake periodically, and currently (2011), there is an active beaver lodge in the northern end of the lake, on the NW shore.</p><br>
<p>Nevado de Chañi is a mountain in the Andes of the Jujuy Province in Argentina. It has a height of 5,949 metres. It lies at about 50 km north west of the city San Salvador de Jujuy.</p><br>
<p>The Nevado de Chañi is a compact mountain group located between the meridians of longitude West 65º42’ and 65º48’ and the parallels of latitude South 24º00’ and 24º10’. The main summit (according to the last available surveys) is 5,949m (24º03’S and 65º44’W) and it is the highest point in the province of Jujuy. There is some confusion about the height of the mountain. Official, but old, official surveys from the Argentine IGM (the military geographic institute) give a height of 6,200 which is definitely an exaggeration. Some more recent surveys give about 5,900. The height of 5,949 has been many times measured with modern GPS by summiteers during the last decade.</p><br>
<p>Nevado de Chañi is the physical limit between the provinces of Jujuy and Salta. Many peaks higher than 5,000m are part of the group, such as the Cerro Paño (5.517m) and Nevado del Castillo (5.565 m). The highest summit of Nevado de Chañi is named Cumbre General Belgrano.</p><br>
<p>The normal route to the main summit is by the East side and is technically easy. On the south face there are challenging routes on mixed ground (D to TD) with some interesting Scottish climbing. The mountain is frequently climbed by its normal route but on the South face there are so far (July 2007) only 5 or 6 recorded ascents. It is interesting to note this mountain group is made of relatively compact granite, the only exception in the North of Argentina. Several technical routes waiting for a first ascents are located in the area.</p><br>
<p>Nevado de Cachi is the name given to a large complex of mountains that lies in Salta Province, Argentina. This complex counts several summits, the highest being 6,380m and it is called Cumbre Libertador. This summit was climbed for the first time in 1950. The mountains overlook Cachi, a traditional village of Northern Argentina.</p><br>
<p>The main summit is rarely climbed (less than 5 expeditions per year) and the secondary summits even less. Some of them have been climbed only once. The mountain can be climbed, in favourable weather conditions, in five days by a party fully acclimatised to an altitude of 4,000m.</p><br>
<p>The quality of the rock is almost everywhere poor, there is permanent snow but almost no glacier. Climbing interest is little but the area is of outstanding beauty. Almost all routes are easy but rockfalls are common. In summer the snow-line is about at 5,800m; in winter it is significantly lower (as low as 3,500m) making possible some technical climbs (ice and snow route at about 55 degrees). The region experiences the same seasons of Bolivia, summers are dry but winter can be very rainy with heavy snowfalls. Wind is probably the main hazard and should be not underestimated.</p><br>
<p>Los Patos  is a mountain in the Andes mountain range of South America. The peak is located on the international border of the Catamarca Province of Argentina and the Atacama Region of Chile. It has a summit elevation of 6,239 m.</p><br>
<p>Los Patos is a volcano. Potassium-argon dating on dacite taken from the northern flank showed an age of 4,550,000 ± 180,000 years ago. At that time, volcanic activity in the Maricunga Belt had just ended and was shifting towards the area of Ojos del Salado and Nevado Tres Cruces. Another date obtained on the lower part of the volcano is 7,600,000 ± 600,000 years ago. The base of Nevado Tres Cruces rises immediately east of Los Patos. Los Patos is part of the Cordillera Sundt, a mountain chain containing stratovolcanoes with lava domes and lava flows. The chain is constructed by dacite and smaller amounts of andesite. Other volcanoes in the chain include Falso Azufre, Monte Pissis and Mulas Muertas. So-called "Pircas Negras" lavas with compositions similar to adakite have been found on the northern flanks of Los Patos. They contain amphibole and clinopyroxene as the dominant minerals and some samples have been found at 27.251&deg;S latitude, 68.792&deg;W longitude and 27.278&deg;S latitude, 68.784&deg;W longitude.</p><br>
<p>Palpana  is a volcano in the Andes of Chile. It has a summit elevation of 6,040 metres above sea level and is part of the dividing range between Upper Loa River basin and Salar de Ascotán basin. Together with Inacaliri and Azufre, it forms a 50 km long volcanic chain constructed along the Inacaliri lineament. The volcano rises above an ignimbrite plain that in the area reaches an altitude of 3,700 m.</p><br>
<p>A lava dome cluster is recognizable in the central sector of the volcano, forming a flat area with a surface of 4.7 km&sup2;. The volcano contains basaltic rocks with an extrusion formed from more silicic rock. Layers of mafic andesite, scoria and some pumice extend outwards away from the central sector. The volcano rises 6,023 m above its terrain and its average summit slope is 26°. The western flank underwent a collapse, leaving a 2.9 km wide and 5.9 km long scar and a deposit at the volcano&#39;s foot. Olivine and plagioclase phenocrysts are found in the andesites, the overall SiO2 content is 57.6-58.9% in samples from the southern ridge. The volcano probably formed in a short timespan, given the montonous composition and form.</p><br>
<p>The volcano is no more than 1-2 mya old, but there is no evidence of postglacial material and erosion has carved radial ridges into the volcano. Precise dating methods performed on the southeastern flank have found ages of 3.65±0.15 mya and 3.81±0.30 for lavas and scoria. The snowline altitude in the area is 5,900 - Four moraine stages are found on the mountain, with the lowest moraines on the southern flank at 4,200 m altitude. Nowadays, block glaciers have been identified in the area, one of which is found at 5,300 m. The mountain is also one of the headwaters of the Loa River, and water was transferred from Palpana to Antofagasta by pipeline. A minor vegetation cover of 20-25% of the surface is present.</p><br>
<p>The mountain is worshipped by pastoralist people who inhabit the surrounding land, and remnants of a sanctuary have been found on its summit.</p><br>
<p>Huantsán, Huantsan or Tunsho is a mountain in the Andes of Peru. It is located in Ancash Region and is part of the Cordillera Blanca mountain range, a sub-range of the Andes. It has four peaks, with a maximum elevation of 6,369 m above sea level.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Huantsán is located in the boundary of the provinces of Huaraz and Huari, in the region of Ancash. It belongs to the southern part of the Cordillera Blanca and is the only elevation that exceeds 6000m in that area. Huantsán consists of four peaks: Huantsán Norte (6.113m), Huantsán (6.395m), Huantsán Oeste (6.270m) and Huantsán Sur (5.913m).</p><br>
<p>Huantsán is protected inside Huascarán National Park.</p><br>
<h2>Climbing</h2><br>
<p>Huantsán is one of the less climbed of all 6000m peaks in the Cordillera Blanca. All routes to the main summit are technically committing, the easier being the north-northwest ridge rated D+/TD-, involving a traverse from the nearby Huantsán Norte down a steep narrow snow ridge to a saddle at 6,050 m and a final section of steep snow and ice. More difficult is the west face, rated TD and requiring climbing on steep rock, mixed ground and bulges of water ice. Even more difficult is the northeast ridge, rated TD+ and climbed on the 17 August 1974 in two weeks by a party of thirteen people using fixed ropes.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1945, an avalanche coming from Huantsán buried the village of Chavín, killing about 500 people.</p><br>
<p>The first ascent to Huantsán was performed by the team of Tom de Booy, Cees Egeler and Lionel Terray in 1952, who reached the main summit via the north summit.</p><br>
<p>Huantsán and the Cordillera Blanca are protected within Huascarán National Park since 1975.</p><br>
<p>Copa) is a mountain in the Andes of Peru whose summit reaches about 6,188 m above sea level. It is situated in the Ancash Region, Asunción Province, Chacas District, and in the Carhuaz Province, Marcará District, south-east of Hualcán.</p><br>
<p>Lake Allicocha lies south-east of Copa while Lake Lejiacocha is located to the south-west of the mountain. Legiamayo River originates from mount Copa, in the area nearby Lake Lejiacocha.</p><br>
<h2>Alternative names</h2><br>
<p>Copa is also named Chucushcaraju (possibly from Quechua chukuy to make someone put a headdress on / crouch, bend down, -sqa a suffix, rahu snow, ice, mountain with snow, "headdressed mountain with snow" or "crouched mountain with snow"), Pamparaju (possibly from Quechua pampa a large plain, "plain mountain with snow") or Carhuacatac (possibly from Quechua qarwa leaf worm, larva of a beetle / pale / yellowish / golden, qataq someone who covers someone or something with a blanket, t&#39;aqaq sower).</p><br>
<p>Hualca Hualca  is an extinct volcano in Arequipa Region in the Andes of Peru. It has a height of 6,025 metres.</p><br>
<p>Hualca Hualca is part of the Central Volcanic Zone of the Andes, a volcanic belt which occurs where the Nazca Plate subducts beneath the South America Plate. Volcanoes in Peru that are part of the Central Volcanic Zone include Ampato, Casiri, Chachani, Coropuna, El Misti, Huaynaputina, Pichu Pichu, Sabancaya, Sara Sara, Solimana, Ticsani, Tutupaca, Ubinas and Yucamane.</p><br>
<p>Hualca Hualca forms a volcanic complex with the two southerly volcanoes Sabancaya and Ampato. It is older (Pliocene-Pleistocene) and more heavily eroded than these two volcanoes; they are all constructed on Neogene ignimbrites, one of which was dated to 2.2 ± 1.5 million years ago. The volcano has erupted andesitic lava flows; one series of such flows exceeds a thickness of 0.5 km. Volcanic rocks of Hualca Hualca contain phenocrysts of biotite, clinopyroxene, hornblende, orthopyroxene, plagioclase and sphene. The magma probably originated through mixing processes, similar to Sabancaya.</p><br>
<p>The northern flank of Hualca Hualca underwent a large sector collapse between 1.36 and 0.61 million years ago, and forming a lake in the Colca valley which later catastrophically failed. Eruptions within the collapse amphitheatre generated lava flows which then formed volcanic dams in the Colca Valley. Lava domes and pyroclastic flows also originated within the collapse scar. Earthquakes and hydrothermal alteration probably caused the onset of the collapse event.</p><br>
<p>The volcano was glaciated during the last ice age, between 18,000 and 11,500 years ago. This glaciation has left moraines, rock glaciers and roches moutonees. The glaciers on Hualca Hualca have retreated since then, one was reported to have disappeared by 2000. Snowmelt and runoff from Hualca Hualca are sources of water for the Colca Canyon, supporting irrigated agriculture there; the mountain is worshipped by local inhabitants, who according to reports in 1586 believed that their ancestors come from it.</p><br>
<p>Hualca Hualca is considered to be an extinct volcano; however at least seven vents on its southwestern flank show evidence of Holocene activity. Satellite images in the early 21st century found that Hualca Hualca is inflating from a depth of 13 - at a rate of 2 cm/year. This deformation may be associated with the neighbouring volcano Sabancaya which is active; magma chambers of volcanoes are sometimes distant from the actual volcano as was the case with Katmai. The inflation ceased after 1997. At Pinchollo in the collapse scar three geysers were active in the past; one is still active and is named Infiernillo.</p><br>
<p>Pichu Pichu or Picchu Picchu is an inactive Pichu Pichu reaches a height of 5,664 m and is part of Salinas and Aguada Blanca National Reserve.</p><br>
<h2>Name</h2><br>
<p>The name possibly stems from Quechua pikchu pyramid; mountain or prominence with a broad base which ends in sharp peaks.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>Pichu Pichu, together with Nevado Chachani and El Misti, border the city of Arequipa towards the northeast. These volcanoes are found southwest of the principal Cordillera Occidental in the region.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Pichu Pichu is a 10 km ridge which drops off steeply on its western side. The volcano features four different heavily eroded craters.</p><br>
<p>Pichu Pichu is an extinct volcano. It was active 6.7 million years ago, given the results of potassium-argon dating. Its arcuate shape is the result of a large sector collapse one million years ago, which formed the "Arequipa volcanic landslide". Pichu Pichu was glaciated in the past, and this glaciation has left recognizable traces on the mountains including cirques, glacial troughs, hanging valleys and moraines. These moraines occur at elevations of 4,500 m and outwash plains are located beneath them. The removal of the western flank of the volcano was also originally considered to be the result of glacial erosion. A series of hills at the base of Pichu Pichu may be erosion products of moraines or moraines proper associated with the volcano.</p><br>
<p>The climate of the region is relatively dry, with most precipitation falling during the summer months. The Poroto and Polobaya rivers originate at the foot of Pichu Pichu and are tributaries of the Rio Chili. The proposed Yanaorco–Paltaorco reservoir would also draw water from the mountain.</p><br>
<p>Between 10000-12,000 ft elevation, shrub vegetation occurs on Pichu Pichu and the neighbouring volcanoes, whereas above the grassline a Nototriches species is found.</p><br>
<p>The mountain was considered to be sacred by the ancient inhabitants of the region. Pichu Pichu is visible from the Wari site at Cerro Baúl and some buildings at that site are constructed in such a way as to point to Pichu Pichu. Processions along the hillside staircase of Cerro Baúl would have the mountain in view. Stone structures are also found on Pichu Pichu itself, including a high altitude staircase that overcomes a steep pitch. Human sacrifices, so-called capacochas, were performed on Pichu Pichu. Mummies were found on the mountain in 1964 along with various archeological findings, but the findings were not published out of fear to avoid attracting graverobbers. An additional body was found in 1996. Overall, three mummies were found on Pichu Pichu.</p><br>
<p>Farallones de Cali is a cluster of mountains in the West Andes of Colombia. It is located west of the city of Cali and gives rise to many of the rivers that provide water and electricity to Cali. The PNN Farallones de Cali encompasses 150,000 hectare in the mountains as well as much of the Pacific slope and is an area of very high biodiversity. The average temperature ranges from 25 &deg;C in the tropical foothills to 5 &deg;C in the páramo.</p><br>
<h2>Climate and topography</h2><br>
<p>Average yearly rainfall is 6,000 mm in the Pacific region and 2,500 mm in the mountainous sector. Plants growing in the area have sufficient water throughout the year.</p><br>
<p>The topography of the park is characterized by the high, craggy peaks, the highest being 4,050 m. These peaks are referred to as Los Farallones (which means cliffs), the namesake of the mountains and national park. The foothills on the eastern side meet the Cauca Valley and the city of Cali. On the west slope there are numerous river canyons that wind their way toward the Pacific Ocean.</p><br>
<p>The Farrallones are visible from the city of Cali.</p><br>
<h3>Rivers</h3><br>
<p>On the east slope the following rivers flow from the Farallones de Cali (from north to south): Cali, Pichindé, Cañaveralejo, Melendez, Lilí, Pance, and Jamundí. These river all flow into the Cauca River.</p><br>
<p>On the west slope there are many rivers flowing into the Pacific, but the main ones area the Dagua and Anchicayá. There is a hydroelectric dam on the Anchicayá River.</p><br>
<h2>National Park and Biodiversity</h2><br>
<p>The PNN Farallones de Cali is the largest national park in the Valle del Cauca Department and was formed in 1968. The area is popular for hiking and birdwatching. Access from Cali is by two main routes: by way of the Pance River at the southern end or at the northern end via Peñas Blancas or the Pichindé River. Access to the Anchicayá area is via the town of El Queremal. The lowest altitude of the park is 200 m in the Pacific lowlands.</p><br>
<h3>Ecological Zones</h3><br>
<p>Due to extreme height of the mountains and the nearby Pacific Ocean, which largely determines the climate in western Colombia, there are various ecosystems in the park such as lowland jungle, mountain cloud forest and páramo.</p><br>
<p>The ecosystems in the park face several threats including commercial logging, illegal mining, agriculture, tourism, forest fires, hunting and road construction.</p><br>
<h3>Characteristic fauna</h3><br>
<h4>Birds</h4><br>
<p>The Farallones de Cali is home to probably more than 300+ species of birds, including several endemic species such as the multicolored tanager (Chlorochrysa nitidissima), crested ant-tanager (Habia cristata) and chestnut wood-quail (Odontophorus hyperythrus). Andean cock-of-the-rock (Rupicola peruvianus) leks can be observed, the most famous being in the Peñas Blancas area of the Pichindé River valley. The avian diversity of the Anchicayá is world-renowned.</p><br>
<h4>Mammals</h4><br>
<p>Mammal species that are possible throughout the various habitats include: bats, squirrels, procyonids, anteaters, several felids, foxes, and marsupials. The spectacled bear (Tremarctos ornatus) has suitable habitat on the western slope of the mountains and is listed as a vulnerable species.</p><br>
<p>Five primates species exist within the park:</p><br>
<p>White-headed capuchin - Mono manicero</p><br>
<p>Red howler</p><br>
<p>Mantled howler</p><br>
<p>Gray-bellied night monkey (Aotus lemurinus): listed as vulnerable; referred to as Marteja in Colombia.</p><br>
<p>Colombian spider monkey (Ateles fusciceps rufiventris): listed as critically endangered; referred to as Marimonda in Colombia.</p><br>
<h4>Amphibians</h4><br>
<p>Bufo hypomelas ? - Sapo Mamboré</p><br>
<p>Dendrobates lehmanni - Red-banded poison frog or Oophaga lehmanni</p><br>
<h3>Characteristic Vegetation</h3><br>
<p>On the western slope, between 200 and 1,000 m, there is a dry tropical forest with trees up to 40 m high. Beneath these trees grow tall grasses. There are different kinds of lianas and woody vines. On top of tree branches there are numerous epiphytes. Some endemical species are called cargadera, guabo sleeper, wild cacao and sirpo. Among the palms of this forest there is taparín, barrigona or pambil and cumbi.</p><br>
<p>In the temperate zone, between 1,000 and 2,000 meters the most representative tree species are oak, sapote bush, media cara, encenillo, azuceno, white yarumo and balsa.</p><br>
<p>The cold zone, between 2,400 and 3,600 meters, abunds in epiphytes. Above 3,600 meters starts the moorlands, where frailejones are the characteristic plant. Among the Farallones endemisms there is a wild violet.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<h2>Sites of Interest</h2><br>
<p>El Topacio</p><br>
<p>Acampadero Pance very close to town. To spend the night in a tent needed a permit from the Regional Autonomous Corporation of the Valle del Cauca - CVC. The parking area is very limited. It has basic services, including a radio station in the ranger&#39;s house. From Topaz can visit two waterfalls.</p><br>
<p>Pico de Loro</p><br>
<p>The trail starts at the Topaz. The upgrade can take several hours depending on the climber. At its peak, at 2832 meters above sea level is part of the city of Cali, Cauca river and its valley. No acampadero on top, on the rise there are several springs.</p><br>
<p>Punta Pance</p><br>
<p>With 4020 meters is a journey that can take one or two days, recommended for those with more experience as walkers. At the top is a unique view of the region. On clear days you can see to the west and the Pacific Ocean port of Buenaventura (really clear days you can see the larger vessels) looks eastward Cali, the river Cauca and valley, and eventually the Cordillera Central with sticking the Nevado del Huila, in the south-west you can see the Cerro Naya, to the northwest is the Cerro Calima.</p><br>
<p>You can camp at a place known as "Balconies" which has a spring and a wide area to accommodate tents 5-10. Another possibility is to climb a little higher and camping in Punta Pance Lagoons.</p><br>
<p>Alto del Buey</p><br>
<p>A 3480 m. His ascent is made from the input to Peñas Blancas and can take a whole day on a road in good condition. From the top is Part of Buenaventura and Cali. The camping area is limited allowing no more than 2 or 3 stores.</p><br>
<p>Gaps of Alto del Buey</p><br>
<p>It&#39;s tortuous descent from the top of the Ox, but sometimes necessary in the absence of water on top. From above gaps are much larger than they actually are. Remember to always go with a guide.</p><br>
<p>Valley de los Osos</p><br>
<p>Accessible from the mountain edge north of Punta Pance and towards the western side, there is a river and you see that landscape has been altered by man. It is located between the blade tip and the Massif Cajambres.</p><br>
<p>Macizo Cajambres</p><br>
<p>To the west of Punta Pance, after passing the Valley of the Bears. It shows some erosion in its eastern slopes.</p><br>
<p>Peñas Blancas</p><br>
<h2>Gallery of Photos</h2><br>
<p>Eddisbury hill fort, also known as Castle Ditch, is an Iron Age hill fort near Delamere, Cheshire, in northern England. Hill forts are fortified hill-top settlements constructed across Britain during the Iron Age. Eddisbury is the largest and most complex of the seven hill forts in the county of Cheshire. It was constructed before 200&ndash;100 BC and expanded in 1&ndash;50 AD. In the 1st century AD, the Romans slighted the site. It was reoccupied in the 6th&ndash;8th centuries AD, and an Anglo-Saxon burh was probably established at Eddisbury in 914. In the medieval and post-medieval periods quarrying and farming have damaged the site. Ownership is currently split between the Forestry Commission and a local farm. Eddisbury is protected as a Scheduled Ancient Monument.</p><br>
<h2>Background</h2><br>
<p>Hill forts developed in the Late Bronze and Early Iron Age, roughly the start of the first millennium BC. The reason for their emergence in Britain, and their purpose, has been a subject of debate. It has been argued that they could have been military sites constructed in response to invasion from continental Europe, sites built by invaders, or a military reaction to social tensions caused by an increasing population and consequent pressure on agriculture. The dominant view since the 1960s has been that the increasing use of iron led to social changes in Britain. Deposits of iron ore were located in different places to the tin and copper ore necessary to make bronze, and as a result trading patterns shifted and the old elites lost their economic and social status. Power passed into the hands of a new group of people. Archaeologist Barry Cunliffe believes that population increase still played a role and has stated " provided defensive possibilities for the community at those times when the stress burst out into open warfare. But I wouldn&#39;t see them as having been built because there was a state of war. They would be functional as defensive strongholds when there were tensions and undoubtedly some of them were attacked and destroyed, but this was not the only, or even the most significant, factor in their construction".</p><br>
<h2>Location and layout</h2><br>
<p>Although there are over 1,300 hill forts in England, they are concentrated in the south of the country, with only seven in Cheshire. Eddisbury is the largest and most complex of the Cheshire hill forts. The forts form two geographical groups of three, with Maiden Castle on its own in the south of the county; Eddisbury hill fort is in the southern group with Kelsborrow Castle and Oakmere hill fort. Located at, Eddisbury Hill, in common with all of the hill forts in Cheshire, sits on part of the central ridge that runs north–south through the county.</p><br>
<p>Eddisbury hill fort follows the contours of its hill and measures 200 by. It is surrounded by two ramparts with a ditch in between. The ditch is 10 m wide and 0.5 m deep. The inner bank lies between.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>There is evidence of Bronze Age activity at Eddisbury. Before 250 BC, a palisade was erected on Eddisbury Hill. The first hill fort was built in 200&ndash;100 BC. Eddisbury hill fort has two main archaeological phases. In the first phase of activity, the site was defended by a single rampart and ditch; this type of hill fort is termed "univallate". The settlement was concentrated on the eastern part of the fort&#39;s hill. During the second phase, the fort extended westwards, occupying the entire hill top, and the defences were enhanced through the addition of more ramparts and ditches. The enclosed area expanded from 5.5 acre to 7 acre, and the defences covered 15.5 acre, 6 acre more than previously. There are two theories about the expansion of the fort: either the growth westwards and the extended defences were completed at the same time or that they were separate events. If they happened at the same time it is likely to have been in the interest of making the site easier to defend. If they were separate, the ramparts may have been extended to incorporate an entrance at the western end of the site. The expansion phase dated to 1&ndash;50 AD.</p><br>
<p>In the late 1st century AD, the hill fort was destroyed (slighted) by the Romans.</p><br>
<p>Eddisbury was excavated between 1935 and 1938 by W. J. Varley, who also undertook excavations at Maiden Castle nearby, as part of his investigation into the origin of Cheshire&#39;s hill forts. The structure was made a Scheduled Ancient Monument in 1995, giving Eddisbury protection against unauthorised change. The eastern entrance was re-excavated by the Habitats and Hillforts Project in 2010, finds including sling stones and a saddle quern. The excavated walls were partially reconstructed and remain visible.</p><br>
<p>The site has been assessed as being "at high risk" due to ploughing on the site, causing erosion. Five of Cheshires seven hill forts have been assessed as being "at high risk" compared to 15% of North West Englands Scheduled Monuments. Although the western and northern parts of Eddisbury are owned by the Forestry Commission, the rest of the site is part of Old Pale Farm.</p><br>
